Making forms usable for everyone
Fix the labelling, focus, error, and contrast problems that stop keyboard and screen reader users from completing a form.
Labels, not placeholders
A placeholder disappears as soon as typing starts, so it cannot be the only label. Use a persistent visible label tied to the input, and add helper text where a format is expected. Never use placeholder text as a substitute for a field name.
Keyboard and screen reader order
Every control should be reachable with Tab in the order it appears, with a visible focus outline. Group related choices such as a set of radio buttons under one group label, so a screen reader announces the question once instead of repeating the option list for every item.
Errors that can be found and fixed
Move focus to the first error, describe it in text next to the field, and keep the other answers intact. Never signal errors with colour alone. Give people enough time to complete the form, and do not make a live validation message the only place a requirement is stated.
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